Irises: landing, care

Iris belongs to the Kasatikov family. It grows everywhere and has more than seven hundred varieties. The name comes from Greek and means “rainbow”. It has been grown for more than two thousand years. Gardens, alleys, parks, squares, summer cottages decorate the flower. Essences for perfumery are made from a plant.

Varieties and varieties

“Iris” is the general name of plants with rhizome and bulbous axial vegetative organ. Both species are thickened shoots.

There is no universal classification of these colors. In Russia, rhizomatous are considered to be true irises, and bulbous in the whole world.

All varieties fit the general description: Iris has an annual peduncle with a large bud exuding a pleasant aroma. Thin flat plates with a wax coating. There are six petals on the flower, arranged in two rows: three of them bend outward, the inner ones are raised to the top by a dome.

Rhizome

They are divided into bearded and non-bearded. They are not picky in leaving, they calmly endure frosts of the Moscow Region and other regions of the country. Bearded are classified into subspecies: Siberian, spuria, Japanese, Louisiana.

Low-growing varieties reach 25-35 centimeters (Canadian Gold). Medium-sized grow up to 50 centimeters (Blue Stakatto, Burgomaster, Kentucky Derby, Kilt Ailt). Tall - the largest plants, the length of the leaf plate is up to 70 centimeters (Arkady Raikin, Beverly Hills, Sultan).

Bulbous

Plants are divided into groups: iridodictium, xyphium and juno. The second type includes six subspecies. Breeders cross them and breed new varieties of flowers. In this way, English, Dutch, Spanish hybrid irises were created. The most common types:

• Iridodictium mesh;
• Irises Vinogradova;
• Dunford;
• Kolpakovsky;
• Variegated;
• Bukhara;
• Great;
• Greberianovsky;
• Dwarf bearded men.

The color line of buds is diverse and depends on the variety. Irises are burgundy, blue, blue, lilac, yellow and other tones. They will decorate the area in various areas of the country, are able to take root in any environment.

Differences in fit and grooming

Planting and caring for irises in the open ground differs in the varieties:

Landing

Rhizome varieties are planted in spring. The soil is selected aerial, enriched with useful elements, oily. The moisture content of the earth is selected individually (based on the subspecies):

• Bearded landed on the slopes fan-shaped. A good waste of rain and melt water is needed.
• Siberian and marsh prefer a damp, shady area. For example, at a pond, bay, backwater.

The land is dug up before planting, treated with preparations against harmful insects and with means to slow the growth of weed grass. With increased acidity of the soil, it is mixed with ash, chalk, known powder.

Step planting of rhizome varieties:

• dig a hole with a knoll in the central region;
• the central process is placed on a hill, the roots are distributed on the sides;
• the main root is covered with earth, sand is laid on top, everything is slightly tamped;
• the rhizome does not deepen deeply, close to the surface soil layer;
• the central kidney does not fall asleep.

Planting of onion varieties is carried out after snow melts or in autumn before frost. Soil temperature is not less than ten degrees above zero. Otherwise, the bulbs die. Step-by-step instruction:

• a narrow, long recess is dug up, bulbs are placed there for three to four centimeters;
• the total landing depth is 10-12 centimeters;
• excavated soil is mixed with sand, coal powder, double superphosphate;
• trenches are disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate, watered with a growth stimulator (for example, Kornevin);
• bulbs are placed in furrows with a sprout to the sky, not deep, at a distance of 15-20 centimeters;
• previously excavated and mixed soil is poured on top, a little tamped;
• watering is carried out after three to four days.

Varieties with small bulbs should not be buried too much. Enough three times the height. Such subspecies are undemanding to moisture.

Trimming and transplanting rhizome varieties

It is recommended to transplant before flowering, in early spring in March-April. Only strong and healthy plants are transplanted that can certainly take root in a new place.

Irises are taken out of the soil and divided into shares, so that each of them had a leaf bud. Excess greens and damaged shoots are cut off. The injured area is treated with coal with a small amount of sulfuric acid. Before planting, the roots are soaked for a quarter of an hour in a solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection.

Irises are transplanted into shallow trenches or holes at a distance of 50-60 centimeters. It is necessary periodically. Without it, flowering becomes worse, buds are smaller. With proper maintenance, the plant grows rapidly, so you need to transplant it in the fourth or fifth year.

After flowering, all stems holding the bud are trimmed. In the last summer month, 1/3 of the length of the leaf plates is removed.

Bulb storage features

For the winter, irises must be dug up so that they do not freeze. It is very important to follow all the rules and requirements for storage so that the bulbs do not begin to rot.

The bushes are dug up a couple of weeks after flowering (when they start to wither and turn yellow). If the area of ​​planting irises has a warm and dry climate, they can be left in the ground for the whole summer. Storage conditions for all varieties are the same.

Dug bulbs are disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate or in purchased products (Maxim Dachnik, Fundazol). After that, they dry for two to three weeks. The temperature depends on the variety:

• xyphiums - + 30-35 degrees;
• iridodictiums and juno - + 20-25 degrees.

In the last days of drying, the temperature drops to + 15-18. Iris is stored in a dry, cold, ventilated room (ventilation can be replaced by open windows, windows).

Bulbs should not be placed in plastic bags or in cloth.

Propagation Features

Irises breed:

• rhizome;
• processes;
• seeds.

The last way is long and difficult. For example, when breeding with rhizome, flowers will appear the next year, and when propagated by seed, after two to three years.

With bush division, the iris should bloom at least once. After this, the planting processes are separated from the mother plant. Rooting should be done from March to April in a shady place with greenhouse conditions.

If, nevertheless, it was decided to plant irises seeds, this is done as follows:

• in the fall, planting material is sown in a container with sandy soil;
• the pot is covered with plastic wrap or glass;
• the shelter is cleaned daily, condensation is eliminated;
• by spring, when the seeds germinate, they must be dived and planted in open ground.

The best months to land are March and April. Seedlings get stronger and take root well.

Diseases

Iris is affected by various diseases with improper care. With a poor content, fungal and viral infections appear:

Pests

Flowers of any kind and variety are subject to attack by the following insects:

Sometimes plants affect other ailments, harmful insects. The most common pathological conditions are listed above.